The spread was 0.00154 bps. The cost was 5.19.

And a zero maker fee does not rescue it. We checked, because that is the first thing anyone assumes.

The answer
Passive market making on BTCUSDT loses by a factor of about 3,400.
historical EXEC-1 · see the record for status

Market making sounds like the safe way to earn in crypto: quote both sides, capture the spread, stay flat. We measured what that actually pays on BTCUSDT.

spread captured per round trip0.00154 bps
cost per round trip5.19 bps
measured maker advantage1.83 bps

The obvious objection is fees. So we asked what happens at a zero maker fee — the tier the largest firms actually trade on. It still loses. The gap is not a fee problem.

The finding that outlived the strategy

The useful result came out of the wreckage. Adverse selection — how much the market moves against you right after you are filled — is brutal at short horizons and decays by roughly a hundredfold between sixty seconds and one day, to 0.1301 bps.

We had predicted around 1 bps and were wrong by a factor of nine, in the direction that matters: longer horizons are far more economically survivable than the short-horizon numbers suggest. That single measurement reopened a line of work the market-making result had closed.

Why publish a failure

Because the arithmetic is checkable and the conclusion is not obvious. A ratio of 3,400 to one is not a near miss to be optimised away — it says the strategy is unavailable at this latency and this fee tier, and no amount of tuning changes that.

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